Sporulation potential of Phytophthora ramorum differs among common California plant species in the Big Sur region.
Identifieur interne : 000050 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000049; suivant : 000051Sporulation potential of Phytophthora ramorum differs among common California plant species in the Big Sur region.
Auteurs : Lisa Micaela Rosenthal [États-Unis] ; Sebastian N. Fajardo [États-Unis] ; David Rizzo [États-Unis]Source :
- Plant disease [ 0191-2917 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
Sudden oak death (SOD), caused by the generalist pathogen Phytophthora ramorum, has profoundly impacted California coastal ecosystems. SOD has largely been treated as a two-host system, with Umbellularia californica as the most transmissive host, Notholithocarpus densiflorus less so, and remaining species as epidemiologically unimportant. However, this understanding of transmission potential primarily stems from observational field studies rather than direct measurements on the diverse assemblage of plant species. Here, we formally quantify the sporulation potential of common plant species inhabiting SOD-endemic ecosystems on the California coast in the Big Sur region. This study allows us to better understand the pathogen's basic biology, trajectory of SOD in a changing environment, and how the entire host community contributes to disease risk. Leaves were inoculated in a controlled laboratory environment and assessed for production of sporangia and chlamydospores, the infectious and resistant propagules, respectively. P. ramorum was capable of infecting every species in our study and almost all species produced spores to some extent. Sporangia production was greatest in N. densiflorus and U. californica and the difference was insignificant. Even though other species produced much less, quantities were non-zero. Thus, additional species may play a previously unrecognized role in local transmission. Chlamydospore production was highest in Acer macrophyllum and Ceanothus oliganthus, raising questions about the role they play in pathogen persistence. Lesion size did not consistently correlate with the production of either sporangia or chlamydospores. Overall, we achieved an empirical foundation to better understand how community composition affects transmission of P. ramorum.
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-03-20-0485-RE
PubMed: 33200968
Affiliations:
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Fajardo</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>University of California Davis, 8789, Plant Pathology, Davis, California, United States; snfajardo@ucdavis.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>University of California Davis, 8789, Plant Pathology, Davis, California</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rizzo, David" sort="Rizzo, David" uniqKey="Rizzo D" first="David" last="Rizzo">David Rizzo</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>University of California Davis, 8789, Plant Pathology, Davis, California, United States; dmrizzo@ucdavis.edu.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>University of California Davis, 8789, Plant Pathology, Davis, California</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Plant disease</title><idno type="ISSN">0191-2917</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Sudden oak death (SOD), caused by the generalist pathogen <i>Phytophthora ramorum</i>, has profoundly impacted California coastal ecosystems. SOD has largely been treated as a two-host system, with <i>Umbellularia californica</i> as the most transmissive host, <i>Notholithocarpus densiflorus</i> less so, and remaining species as epidemiologically unimportant. However, this understanding of transmission potential primarily stems from observational field studies rather than direct measurements on the diverse assemblage of plant species. Here, we formally quantify the sporulation potential of common plant species inhabiting SOD-endemic ecosystems on the California coast in the Big Sur region. This study allows us to better understand the pathogen's basic biology, trajectory of SOD in a changing environment, and how the entire host community contributes to disease risk. Leaves were inoculated in a controlled laboratory environment and assessed for production of sporangia and chlamydospores, the infectious and resistant propagules, respectively. <i>P. ramorum</i> was capable of infecting every species in our study and almost all species produced spores to some extent. Sporangia production was greatest in <i>N. densiflorus</i> and <i>U. californica</i> and the difference was insignificant. Even though other species produced much less, quantities were non-zero. Thus, additional species may play a previously unrecognized role in local transmission. Chlamydospore production was highest in <i>Acer macrophyllum</i> and <i>Ceanothus oliganthus</i>, raising questions about the role they play in pathogen persistence. Lesion size did not consistently correlate with the production of either sporangia or chlamydospores. Overall, we achieved an empirical foundation to better understand how community composition affects transmission of <i>P. ramorum</i>.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="Publisher" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">33200968</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>17</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">0191-2917</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Nov</Month><Day>17</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Plant disease</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Plant Dis</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Sporulation potential of <i>Phytophthora ramorum</i> differs among common California plant species in the Big Sur region.</ArticleTitle><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1094/PDIS-03-20-0485-RE</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Sudden oak death (SOD), caused by the generalist pathogen <i>Phytophthora ramorum</i>, has profoundly impacted California coastal ecosystems. SOD has largely been treated as a two-host system, with <i>Umbellularia californica</i> as the most transmissive host, <i>Notholithocarpus densiflorus</i> less so, and remaining species as epidemiologically unimportant. However, this understanding of transmission potential primarily stems from observational field studies rather than direct measurements on the diverse assemblage of plant species. Here, we formally quantify the sporulation potential of common plant species inhabiting SOD-endemic ecosystems on the California coast in the Big Sur region. This study allows us to better understand the pathogen's basic biology, trajectory of SOD in a changing environment, and how the entire host community contributes to disease risk. Leaves were inoculated in a controlled laboratory environment and assessed for production of sporangia and chlamydospores, the infectious and resistant propagules, respectively. <i>P. ramorum</i> was capable of infecting every species in our study and almost all species produced spores to some extent. Sporangia production was greatest in <i>N. densiflorus</i> and <i>U. californica</i> and the difference was insignificant. Even though other species produced much less, quantities were non-zero. Thus, additional species may play a previously unrecognized role in local transmission. Chlamydospore production was highest in <i>Acer macrophyllum</i> and <i>Ceanothus oliganthus</i>, raising questions about the role they play in pathogen persistence. Lesion size did not consistently correlate with the production of either sporangia or chlamydospores. Overall, we achieved an empirical foundation to better understand how community composition affects transmission of <i>P. ramorum</i>.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rosenthal</LastName><ForeName>Lisa Micaela</ForeName><Initials>LM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of California Davis, 8789, Plant Pathology, 1 Shields Way, Davis, California, United States, 95616.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of California Davis, 8789, Graduate Group in Ecology, 1 Shields Way, Davis, California, United States, 95616-5270; lrosenthal@ucdavis.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fajardo</LastName><ForeName>Sebastian N</ForeName><Initials>SN</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of California Davis, 8789, Plant Pathology, Davis, California, United States; snfajardo@ucdavis.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rizzo</LastName><ForeName>David</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>University of California Davis, 8789, Plant Pathology, Davis, California, United States; dmrizzo@ucdavis.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>17</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Plant Dis</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>9882809</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0191-2917</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Sudden oak death</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">competency</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">leaf dip assay</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">leaf disc assay</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">transmission potential</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>17</Day><Hour>12</Hour><Minute>14</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>18</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>18</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>aheadofprint</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">33200968</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1094/PDIS-03-20-0485-RE</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Californie</li></region></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Rosenthal, Lisa Micaela" sort="Rosenthal, Lisa Micaela" uniqKey="Rosenthal L" first="Lisa Micaela" last="Rosenthal">Lisa Micaela Rosenthal</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Fajardo, Sebastian N" sort="Fajardo, Sebastian N" uniqKey="Fajardo S" first="Sebastian N" last="Fajardo">Sebastian N. 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